Understanding the New Rules and What They Mean for Students

Recent policy changes under the Trump administration have introduced new layers of scrutiny for international students studying in the United States. Officials describe these updates as necessary reforms to strengthen national security and ensure that student visas are used for their intended purpose, education. Critics, however, worry that the added restrictions may create uncertainty for students who are following the rules and contributing to U.S. universities and the economy.

What’s Changing

In the past, international students on F-1 and J-1 visas were admitted for what was known as the “duration of status.” This meant that as long as they remained enrolled and in good standing, they could stay in the U.S. without a fixed end date. Under the new proposal, student visas would instead have a defined expiration date, generally up to four years, with renewal required for longer programs.

The State Department and Department of Homeland Security have also increased background checks and, in some cases, extended processing times for visa applications. Students may be asked for additional information, including details about their previous travel or even their social media activity.

Supporters of these measures argue that the new rules prevent abuse of the student visa system, ensuring that individuals who enter the country as students are genuinely here to study. Opponents contend that these policies may create confusion or fear among legitimate students who already face complex immigration procedures.

Working While Studying: What’s Allowed

Despite the changes, international students can still work in the U.S. legally, but only under specific programs and with prior authorization.

The most common option is Curricular Practical Training (CPT). This allows students to work off campus in an internship or practical training that is part of their academic program. The work must directly relate to the student’s major, and approval from the school’s international office is required before starting. Students cannot begin working until the authorization appears on their I-20 form, which is issued by their university.

Another pathway is Optional Practical Training (OPT). This program permits students to work in their field of study for up to 12 months, either during or after completing their degree. Students in science, technology, engineering, or math (STEM) programs may apply for a 24-month extension. OPT is one of the most popular options among international graduates seeking professional experience before returning home or pursuing further studies. However, students must wait until their Employment Authorization Document (EAD) is approved before they begin working.

On-Campus Jobs

Students may also work on campus for up to 20 hours per week while school is in session, and full time during breaks. Common positions include library assistants, tutors, or roles in campus dining services. These jobs are generally considered the safest way to earn money while maintaining visa compliance, since they are directly supervised by the university.

What’s Not Allowed

International students are not permitted to take off-campus jobs that are unrelated to their field of study or that have not been formally approved through CPT or OPT. Unauthorized work, even if part time or short term, can result in severe consequences. These include termination of student status, revocation of the visa, and potential deportation.
(Nolo Legal Encyclopedia)

The Broader Context

The new oversight measures reflect the administration’s larger effort to tighten immigration enforcement and reduce misuse of temporary visas. While there have been isolated cases of students overstaying their visas or working without permission, most international students comply with U.S. laws and contribute billions of dollars annually to the education sector.

University officials across the country have expressed concern that uncertainty over visa renewals could discourage talented students from studying in the U.S. “These students bring cultural diversity, global perspectives, and innovation,” one university advisor noted. “They follow the rules, but the rules are getting harder to understand.”

Staying Compliant

Experts recommend that international students consult their university’s Designated School Official (DSO) before accepting any work opportunity. All employment, whether through CPT, OPT, or on-campus, must be documented and approved. Students should keep copies of all authorization forms, job offers, and EAD cards. They should also avoid cash-only or informal jobs, even if they seem convenient.

Looking Ahead

The future of student visa policy may depend on how the administration balances two goals: protecting national security and maintaining the United States’ role as a global leader in higher education. International students, meanwhile, must navigate an increasingly complex system, one that rewards compliance but leaves little room for mistakes.

For now, the message is clear: students who follow the process, keep documentation up to date, and communicate regularly with their schools can still gain valuable experience in the United States, safely and legally.